FAQ for the 'BASH Shell' Category

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BIND: Stop Recursion DNS Under Linux / UNIX

Q. How do I stop recursion (recursive query) under BIND 9 DNS server?
Linux: Check Ram Speed and Type

Q. How do I check RAM speed and type (line DDR or DDR2) without opening my computer? I need to purchase RAM and I need to know the exact speed and type installed. How do I find out ram information from a shell prompt?
BASH: Prepend A Text / Lines To a File

Q. I can append text to a file using >> operator but how do I prepend a text to a file? I want the opposit of >> operation?
View Installation / Uninstallation Script Inside The RPM File

Q. How do I view the pre / post installation or uninstallation script inside the RPM file called foo.rpm under Red Hat Enterprise Linux / RHEL / CentOS / Fedora / Suse Linux? How do I list the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the installation and uninstallation processes?
Linux: How To Copy and Paste From the Command Line

Q. How do I copy and paste text or output from a shell prompt? How do I copy text from one terminal window and paste it on diffrent server window using mouse?
Linux: pathmunge Command in Shell Script

Q. I see pathmunge used in few scripts under Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Can you explain the use of pathmunge under RHEL / CentOS / Fedora Linux?
dnstop: Monitor BIND DNS Server (DNS Network Traffic) From a Shell Prompt

Q. How do I monitor my Bind 9 named (or any other dns server) server traffic / network traffic under Linux? How do I find out and view current DNS queries such as A, MX, PTR and so on in real time? How do I find out who is querying my DNS server or specific domain or specific dns client IP address?
FreeBSD php5-posix-5.2.6 has known vulnerabilities error - Stop in /usr/ports/sysutils/php5-posix.

Q. When I run make install clean for php5-extensions port, I’m dumped with the following error:

=> Please update your ports tree and try again.
*** Error code 1

Stop in /usr/ports/sysutils/php5-posix.
*** Error code 1

How do I fix this problem?
How To Back Up a Web Server

Q. I’m using Red Hat Enterprise Linux based Apache web server. How do I backup my Apache webserver, MySQL and PostgreSQL database to another disk called /backup and then copy it to other offsite backup ssh server called backup.example.com?
How To Find BASH Shell Array Length ( number of elements )
How do I define array in a bash shell script? How do I find out bash array length (number of elements) while running a script using for shell loop?