FAQ for the 'Debian / Ubuntu' Category

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Shell: How To Remove Duplicate Text Lines

Q. I need to sort data from a log file but there are too many duplicate lines. How do I remove all duplicate lines from a text file under GNU/Linux?
Linux X11 Connection Rejected Because of Wrong Authentication Error and Solution

Q. I’m trying to login to my remote Ubuntu Linux server from Mac OS X desktop using following command:
ssh -X user@vpn.officeserver.example.com xeyes

But I’m getting an error that read as follows:

X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication.

How do I fix this error?
Linux / UNIX Shell: Sort IP Address

Q. I’d like to sort a list of IP address stored in a text file. How do I sort by last notation or entire address under Linux or UNIX operating systems?
Thunderbird Move Mail / Settings From Desktop Computer To Laptop

Q. How do I move my Thunderbird email client settings from Debian Linux desktop to a new Ubuntu Linux laptop? I’ve installed Thunderbird on Ubuntu Linux but not able to find any import or export option. How do I move settings?
ip6tables: IPv6 Firewall For Linux

Q. IPv4 by default protect internal host using RFC 1918 private IP address. But IPv6 offers direct global address which result into exposing all internal hosts as well. How do I create default IPv6 firewall to drop all incoming (except ping6 request) connection and only allow outgoing requests from Linux workstation?
sshpass: Login To SSH Server / Provide SSH Password Using A Shell Script

Q. How do I login over ssh without using password less RSA / DSA public keys? How do I use ssh in a shell script? How do I login non-interactivly performing password authentication with SSH and shell scripts?
Linux: Force Users To Change Their Passwords Upon First Login

Q. How can I force my Linux users to change their passwords upon the first login under CentOS / Debian Linux?
Linux / UNIX: Find Volume Information From CDs and ISO Images

Q. I can use dd command to create ISO images from a CD but how do I get volume information from CDs and ISO images from a shell prompt?
Explain: Five Nines ( 99.999% ) Computer / Network Uptime Concept

Q. Some service provider guarantees 99.999% uptime for their service. Can you explain meaning of five nines?
Linux / UNIX: Create Username or Groups in UPPER Case

Q. How do I create username or user groups in upper case under Linux / *BSD / UNIX operating systems?