nixCraft » Linux Scalability http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips This is a Linux sys admin journal by Vivek about sys admin work, Linux tips & tricks, hacks, news and more. Wed, 24 Apr 2013 18:50:55 +0000 en-US hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.1 HowTo: Create sar Graphs With kSar [ Identifying Linux Bottlenecks ]http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/identifying-linux-bottlenecks-sar-graphs-with-ksar.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/identifying-linux-bottlenecks-sar-graphs-with-ksar.html#comments Tue, 15 Dec 2009 06:33:21 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=6165 The sar command collect, report, or save UNIX / Linux system activity information. It will save selected counters in the operating system to the /var/log/sa/sadd file. From the collected data, you get lots of information about your server:
  1. CPU utilization
  2. Memory paging and its utilization
  3. Network I/O, and transfer statistics
  4. Process creation activity
  5. All block devices activity
  6. Interrupts/sec etc.

sar output can be used for identifying server bottlenecks. However, analyzing information provided by sar can be difficult, so use kSar, which can take sar output and plot a nice easy to understand graph over period of time. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/identifying-linux-bottlenecks-sar-graphs-with-ksar.html/feed 32 20 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Knowhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html#comments Sat, 27 Jun 2009 02:26:39 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=4934 Need to monitor Linux server performance? Try these built-in command and a few add-on tools. Most Linux distributions are equipped with tons of monitoring. These tools provide metrics which can be used to get information about system activities. You can use these tools to find the possible causes of a performance problem. The commands discussed below are some of the most basic commands when it comes to system analysis and debugging server issues such as:
  1. Finding out bottlenecks.
  2. Disk (storage) bottlenecks.
  3. CPU and memory bottlenecks.
  4. Network bottlenecks.
]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html/feed 316 BIND Named: Set a Zone Transfer IP Address For Master DNS Serverhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bind-named-set-zone-transfer-ip-address.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bind-named-set-zone-transfer-ip-address.html#comments Thu, 08 Jan 2009 20:08:01 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=4277 I've three nameserver load-balanced (LB) in three geo locations. Each LB has a front end public IP address and two backend IP address (one for BIND and another for zone transfer) are assigned to actual bind 9 server running Linux. So when a zone transfer initiates from slave server, all I get errors. A connection cannot be established, it tries again with the servers main ip or LB2 / LB3 ip. This is a problem because my servers are geo located and load balanced. However, there is a small workaround for this problem.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bind-named-set-zone-transfer-ip-address.html/feed 4 Top 10 Linux Virtualization Softwarehttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-virtualization-software.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-virtualization-software.html#comments Wed, 31 Dec 2008 15:00:59 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=4215 Virtualization is the latest buzz word. You may wonder computers are getting cheaper every day, why should I care and why should I use virtualization? Virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources such as:
  1. Platform Virtualization
  2. Resource Virtualization
  3. Storage Virtualization
  4. Network Virtualization
  5. Desktop Virtualization
This article describes why you need virtualization and list commonly used FOSS and proprietary Linux virtualization software. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-virtualization-software.html/feed 27 Are the Solid-State Drive Supported on Linux?http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ssd-solid-state-drive-support.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ssd-solid-state-drive-support.html#comments Wed, 17 Dec 2008 14:39:52 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3989 A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. A SSD emulates a hard disk drive interface, thus easily replacing it in most applications. An SSD using SRAM or DRAM (instead of flash memory) is often called a RAM-drive.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ssd-solid-state-drive-support.html/feed 9 Linux: Boot a 2TB+ partition or Larger Array Using Grubhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-boot-2tb-larger-raidarray-harddisk.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-boot-2tb-larger-raidarray-harddisk.html#comments Thu, 04 Dec 2008 07:13:58 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3718 I've already written about creating a partition size larger than 2TB under Linux using GNU parted command with GPT. In this tutorial, I will provide instructions for booting to a flat 2TB or larger RAID array under Linux using the GRUB boot loader.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-boot-2tb-larger-raidarray-harddisk.html/feed 3 Sun Netra ATCA CP3220 CP3250 10-Gigabit Ethernet Drivershttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/sun-netra-atca-cp3220-and-cp3250-blades.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/sun-netra-atca-cp3220-and-cp3250-blades.html#comments Wed, 03 Dec 2008 14:30:20 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=4477 The Sun Netra brand has been used for a variety of server computers from Sun Microsystems. These servers used for various purposes such as telecommunications applications. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/sun-netra-atca-cp3220-and-cp3250-blades.html/feed 0 mount forcedirectio: Disable Linux CIFS / NFS Client Cachinghttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/disable-caching-on-the-cifs-nfs-client.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/disable-caching-on-the-cifs-nfs-client.html#comments Sun, 16 Nov 2008 09:03:15 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3551 If your network is heavily loaded you may see some problem with Common Internet File System (CIFS) and NFS under Linux. By default Linux CIFS mount command will try to cache files open by the client. You can use mount option forcedirectio when mounting the CIFS filesystem to disable caching on the CIFS client. This is tested with NETAPP and other storage devices and Novell, CentOS, UNIX and Red Hat Linux systems. This is the only way to avoid data mis-compare and problems.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/disable-caching-on-the-cifs-nfs-client.html/feed 2 Install Linux On Intel Xeon 7400 Dunningtonhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/install-linux-on-sun-blade-x6450-server.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/install-linux-on-sun-blade-x6450-server.html#comments Thu, 13 Nov 2008 05:29:29 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3511 Dunnington is Intel's first multi-core CPU - features a single-die six- (or hexa) core design with three unified 3 MB L2 caches (resembling three merged 45 nm dual-core Wolfdale dies), and 96 KB L1 cache (Data) and 16 MB of L3 cache. It features 1066 MHz FSB, fits into the Tigerton's mPGA604 socket, and is compatible with the Caneland chipset. These processors support DDR2-1066 (533 MHz), and have a maximum TDP below 130 W. They are intended for blades and other stacked computer systems. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/install-linux-on-sun-blade-x6450-server.html/feed 2 pssh: Run Command On Multiple SSH Servershttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/parallel-ssh-execution.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/parallel-ssh-execution.html#comments Sat, 01 Nov 2008 19:44:16 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3414 I've already written about tentakel tool and shell script hack to run a single command on multiple Linux / UNIX / BSD server. This is useful to save time and run UNIX commands on multiple machines. Linux.com has published an article about a new tool called pssh:
If you want to increase your productivity with SSH, you can try a tool that lets you run commands on more than one remote machine at the same time. Parallel ssh, Cluster SSH, and ClusterIt let you specify commands in a single terminal window and send them to a collection of remote machines where they can be executed.
]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/parallel-ssh-execution.html/feed 8 Red Hat / CentOS Linux 4: Setup Device Mapper Multipathinghttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-linux4-setup-device-mapper-multipathing-devicemapper.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-linux4-setup-device-mapper-multipathing-devicemapper.html#comments Sun, 06 Jul 2008 06:06:29 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=3707 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/rhel-linux4-setup-device-mapper-multipathing-devicemapper.html/feed 2 Helmer: A Linux Commodity Computing cluster in a IKEA Helmer Cabinethttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/commodity-computing-linux-render-cluster.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/commodity-computing-linux-render-cluster.html#comments Thu, 24 Apr 2008 19:41:04 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=2231 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/commodity-computing-linux-render-cluster.html/feed 0 Linux Market Will Rise From $21 Billion To $49 Billion in 2011http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-market-share.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-market-share.html#comments Fri, 11 Apr 2008 15:27:21 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=2196 http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-market-share.html/feed 0 Load Balancer Open Source Softwarehttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/load-balancer-open-source-software.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/load-balancer-open-source-software.html#comments Tue, 11 Mar 2008 17:01:49 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/load-balancer-open-source-software.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/load-balancer-open-source-software.html/feed 13 Linux Xen High Availability Clusters Configuration Tutorialhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-xen-high-availability-clusters-configuration-tutorial.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-xen-high-availability-clusters-configuration-tutorial.html#comments Wed, 06 Feb 2008 09:46:51 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-xen-high-availability-clusters-configuration-tutorial.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-xen-high-availability-clusters-configuration-tutorial.html/feed 2 Linux Fibre Channel over Ethernet implementation code releasedhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/download-linux-fibre-channel-over-ethernet.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/download-linux-fibre-channel-over-ethernet.html#comments Tue, 18 Dec 2007 18:58:10 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/download-linux-fibre-channel-over-ethernet.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/download-linux-fibre-channel-over-ethernet.html/feed 0 Can I boot My Linux Server from iSCSI or SAN or NAS network attached storage?http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/should-i-boot-linux-from-san.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/should-i-boot-linux-from-san.html#comments Mon, 12 Nov 2007 08:05:53 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/should-i-boot-linux-from-san.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/should-i-boot-linux-from-san.html/feed 5 RHEL / CentOS Support 4GB or more RAM ( memory )http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/redhat-enterprise-linux-4gb-plus-ram-support.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/redhat-enterprise-linux-4gb-plus-ram-support.html#comments Sat, 10 Nov 2007 07:30:57 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/redhat-enterprise-linux-4gb-plus-ram-support.html If you have 4 GB or more RAM use the Linux kernel compiled for PAE capable machines. Your machine may not show up total 4GB ram. All you have to do is install PAE kernel package.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/redhat-enterprise-linux-4gb-plus-ram-support.html/feed 26 Linux Creating a Partition Size Larger Than 2TBhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html#comments Tue, 06 Nov 2007 10:03:35 +0000 nixCraft 2tb]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html Explains how to create filesystems greater than 2 Terabytes under any Linux distribution. How can I create filesystems greater than 2 Terabytes?]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/fdisk-unable-to-create-partition-greater-2tb.html/feed 61 Linux Increase Process Identifiers Limit with /proc/sys/kernel/pid_maxhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-increase-pid-limits.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-increase-pid-limits.html#comments Sat, 03 Nov 2007 02:13:09 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-increase-pid-limits.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-increase-pid-limits.html/feed 0