nixCraft » Linux

nixCraft » Linux http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips This is a Linux sys admin journal by Vivek about sys admin work, Linux tips & tricks, hacks, news and more. Wed, 24 Apr 2013 18:50:55 +0000 en-US hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.1 HowTo: Run Network Service Per System / VM Instance To Improve Overall Security Of A Web Stacks (LAMP)http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/run-different-network-services-on-separate-vm-systems.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/run-different-network-services-on-separate-vm-systems.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:58:06 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9008

A web stack is nothing but collection of many open source software such as an operating system, Web server, database server, server side programming language. The most commonly known web stacks is LAMP. It is an acronym for a solution stack of free, open source software, referring to the first letters of Linux (operating system), Apache Web server, MySQL database software and PHP (or sometimes Perl or Python). All of our security related tutorials recommends running different network services on separate systems or vm instance. Naturally, this limits the number of other services that can be cracked in the event that an attacker is able to successfully exploit a software flaw in one network service. This is also one of the most requested article via email. In this guide, I will explain how to setup a solution that can serve static content, dynamic content, database, and caching by running on separate servers or vm instance.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/run-different-network-services-on-separate-vm-systems.html/feed 8 Linux: Creating a Network File System (NFS) Share For Apache / Lighttpd / Nginx Web Serverhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-nfs-storage-for-apache-lighttpd-nginx-webserver.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-nfs-storage-for-apache-lighttpd-nginx-webserver.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:53:07 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9160

Creating a Network File System (NFSv4.0) shared network resource is exactly like creating any other shared network resource in Linux or Unix for Apache / Lighttpd / Nginx web server. You need to type the following commands on vm05 having an IP address 192.168.1.14.
This blog post is part in the "Run Different Linux Network Services on Separate Systems/VM" series.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-nfs-storage-for-apache-lighttpd-nginx-webserver.html/feed 3 Configure Memcached Distributed Memory Caching Systemhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/setting-up-memcached-on-centos-rhel-fedora-linux.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/setting-up-memcached-on-centos-rhel-fedora-linux.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:51:17 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9164

Memcached can speed up database driven dynamic web site. It must be deployed within trusted network where vm01 and vm02 clients may freely connect to our server. You need to type the following commands on vm03 having an IP address 192.168.1.12.
This blog post is part in the "Run Different Linux Network Services on Separate Systems/VM" series.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/setting-up-memcached-on-centos-rhel-fedora-linux.html/feed 3 HowTo: Configure Apache Web Server To Use NFS Shared HTML+PHP5 Fileshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-apache-web-server.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-apache-web-server.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:50:38 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9161

The Apache web server is responsible for providing access to dynamic content via the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. In this example, I'm going to install and use the Apache 2 web server + php5 safely and set DocumentRoot to vm05:/exports/html mounted at /var/www/html. You need to type the following commands on vm02 having an IP address 192.168.1.11.
This blog post is part in the "Run Different Linux Network Services on Separate Systems/VM" series.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-apache-web-server.html/feed 3 Configure Lighttpd Web Server To Use NFS Shared Static Fileshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-lighttpd-web-server.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-lighttpd-web-server.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:48:54 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9163

The Lighttpd web server is responsible for providing access to static content via the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. In this example, I'm going to install and use the Lighttpd web server and set DocumentRoot to vm05:/exports/static mounted at /var/www/static. You need to type the following commands on vm01 having an IP address 192.168.1.10 only.
This blog post is part in the "Run Different Linux Network Services on Separate Systems/VM" series.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-configure-lighttpd-web-server.html/feed 2 HowTo: Use Nginx As Reverse Proxy Serverhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/using-nginx-as-reverse-proxy.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/using-nginx-as-reverse-proxy.html#comments Fri, 22 Jun 2012 22:47:14 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9166

Nginx is an open source Web server and a reverse proxy server. You can use nginx for a load balancing and/or as a proxy solution to run services from inside those machines through your host's single public IP address such as 202.54.1.1. In this post, I will explain how to install nginx as reverse proxy server for Apache+php5 domain called www.example.com and Lighttpd static asset domain called static.example.com. You need to type the following commands on vm00 having an IP address 192.168.1.1 only.
This blog post is part in the "Run Different Linux Network Services on Separate Systems/VM" series.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/using-nginx-as-reverse-proxy.html/feed 4 Unix / Linux: See Colourised Filesystem Disk Space Usagehttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bsd-pydf-command-in-colours.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bsd-pydf-command-in-colours.html#comments Tue, 19 Jun 2012 20:47:03 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9158

The pydf command displays the amount of used and available space on your file systems, just like df command, but in colors. The output format is completely customizable.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bsd-pydf-command-in-colours.html/feed 11 Shell Script Wrapper Examples: Enhance the Ping and Host Commandshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bash-shell-script-wrapper-examples.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bash-shell-script-wrapper-examples.html#comments Tue, 19 Jun 2012 13:20:08 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9155

Shell script wrappers can make the *nix command more transparent to the user. The most common shell scripts are simple wrappers around third party or system binaries. A wrapper is nothing but a shell script that includes a system command or utility. Linux and Unix like operating system can run both 32bit and 64bit specific versions of applications. You can write a wrapper script that can select and execute correct version on a 32bit or 64bit hardware platform. In cluster environment and High-Performance computing environment you may find 100s of wrapper scripts written in Perl, Shell, and Python to get cluster usage, setting up shared storage, submitting and managing jobs, backups, troubleshooting, invokes commands with specified arguments, sending stdout to stdout and stderr to stderr and much more. In this post, I will explains how to create a shell wrapper to enhance the basic troubleshooting tool such as ping and host.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-bash-shell-script-wrapper-examples.html/feed 11 Linux / Unix Desktop Fun: Text Mode ASCII-art Box and Comment Drawinghttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-draw-any-kind-of-boxes-around-text-editor.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-draw-any-kind-of-boxes-around-text-editor.html#comments Mon, 11 Jun 2012 20:20:22 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9123

Boxes command is a text filter and a little known tool that can draw any kind of ASCII art box around its input text or code for fun and profit. You can quickly create email signatures, or create regional comments in any programming language. This command was intended to be used with the vim text editor, but can be tied to any text editor which supports filters, as well as from the command line as a standalone tool. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/unix-linux-draw-any-kind-of-boxes-around-text-editor.html/feed 12 30 Handy Bash Shell Aliases For Linux / Unix / Mac OS Xhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bash-aliases-mac-centos-linux-unix.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bash-aliases-mac-centos-linux-unix.html#comments Mon, 11 Jun 2012 05:58:51 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=9063

An alias is nothing but shortcut to commands. The alias command allows user to launch any command or group of commands (including options and filenames) by entering a single word. Use alias command to display list of all defined aliases. You can add user defined aliases to ~/.bashrc file. You can cut down typing time with these aliases, work smartly, and increase productivity at the command prompt. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bash-aliases-mac-centos-linux-unix.html/feed 73 Linux / FreeBSD: PDFCrack A Command Line Password Recovery Tool For PDF Fileshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-howto-crack-recover-pdf-file-password.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-howto-crack-recover-pdf-file-password.html#comments Wed, 06 Jun 2012 07:33:50 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8994

I already written about howto remove a password from all PDF files under Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution in a batch mode. However, many user want a simple command to recover password from pdf files. This is useful if you forgotten your password for pdf file. It is also useful for data-archaeologists, computer forensics professionals, people who want to test their password-strength (pdf files generated by webpass) and many more.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-howto-crack-recover-pdf-file-password.html/feed 2 8 Linux Commands: To Find Out Wireless Network Speed, Signal Strength And Other Informationhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-find-out-wireless-network-speed-signal-strength.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-find-out-wireless-network-speed-signal-strength.html#comments Wed, 06 Jun 2012 07:25:09 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8968

Linux operating systems comes with various set of tools allowing you to manipulate the Wireless Extensions and monitor wireless networks. This is a list of tools used for wireless network monitoring tools that can be used from your laptop or desktop system to find out network speed, bit rate, signal quality/strength, and much more.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-find-out-wireless-network-speed-signal-strength.html/feed 21 Linux debugfs Hack: Undelete Fileshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ext3-ext4-deleted-files-recovery-howto.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ext3-ext4-deleted-files-recovery-howto.html#comments Thu, 03 May 2012 18:21:41 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8913

Undeletion means restoring files which have been deleted from Linux ext3 file system using rm command. Deleted files can be recovered on ext3 file systems using the debugfs program. This quick tutorial describes how to recover a file that was recently deleted using nothing but standard Linux command line utilities. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-ext3-ext4-deleted-files-recovery-howto.html/feed 22 Linus Torvalds Wins Millennium Technology Prizehttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linus-torvalds-wins-millennium-technology-prize.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linus-torvalds-wins-millennium-technology-prize.html#comments Thu, 19 Apr 2012 12:43:41 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8866 The Millennium Technology Prize is the largest technology prize in the world and it is awarded once every two years by Technology Academy Finland. The Awarded is given for life-enhancing technological innovation. Linux kernel creator Linus Torvalds and Dr. Shinya Yamanaka won the Millennium Technology Prize, the prominent award for technological innovation for 2012.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linus-torvalds-wins-millennium-technology-prize.html/feed 5 20 Examples: Make Sure Unix / Linux Configuration Files Are Free From Syntax Errorshttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/check-unix-linux-configuration-file-for-syntax-errors.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/check-unix-linux-configuration-file-for-syntax-errors.html#comments Thu, 05 Apr 2012 20:00:45 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8714

In Linux and UNIX in general, services are configured using various text files,in the /etc/ directory trees. A typical server system could have dozens of configuration files. It is important that you check the validity of the configuration file. In some cases it is possible to to check the sanity of the special data (such as keys) or directories (such as /var/lib/cache/). Text files are easier to manage remotely. You can use ssh and a text editor. If there is an error in configuration, server may not start. This may result into a disaster. In this article I will explains howto find out a syntax error for popular servers and test configuration file for syntax errors.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/check-unix-linux-configuration-file-for-syntax-errors.html/feed 21 HowTo: Wake Up Computers Using Linux Command [ Wake-on-LAN ( WOL ) ]http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-send-wake-on-lan-wol-magic-packets.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-send-wake-on-lan-wol-magic-packets.html#comments Tue, 03 Apr 2012 19:53:01 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8768

Wake-on-LAN (WOL) is an Ethernet networking standard that allows a server to be turned on by a network message. You need to send 'magic packets' to wake-on-lan enabled ethernet adapters and motherboards, in order to switch on the called systems. Make sure you connect the NIC (eth0 or eth1) with the motherboard, and enable the WOL function in the BIOS. This is a quick guide to enable WOL under RHEL / Fedora / CentOS / Debian / Ubuntu Linux. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-send-wake-on-lan-wol-magic-packets.html/feed 10 Video: Who Writes Linux Kernel?http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/video-how-linux-is-built.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/video-how-linux-is-built.html#comments Tue, 03 Apr 2012 17:37:45 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8751

Linux kernel is the most prominent examples of free and open source software. The Linux kernel has received contributions from thousands of programmers and companies around the world. This professional video from the Linux foundation provides a quick insight into Linux building procedure. This is a powerful and inspiring story of how Linux has become a volunteer-driven phenomenon.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/video-how-linux-is-built.html/feed 7 Adobe Flash v11.2 and Above Will Only Be Available For Chrome Browser on Linuxhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/flash-for-linux-will-only-be-available-for-chrome.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/flash-for-linux-will-only-be-available-for-chrome.html#comments Wed, 22 Feb 2012 14:01:48 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8651

Adobe announced that the Flash player for Linux will only be available for Google Chrome browser on Linux and has announced their plans to abandon future updates of Flash player for Linux. From the blog post:

For Flash Player releases after 11.2, the Flash Player browser plugin for Linux will only be available via the "Pepper" API as part of the Google Chrome browser distribution and will no longer be available as a direct download from Adobe. Adobe will continue to provide security updates to non-Pepper distributions of Flash Player 11.2 on Linux for five years from its release.

]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/flash-for-linux-will-only-be-available-for-chrome.html/feed 21 30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the Webhttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html#comments Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:11:40 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8323 Man pages are written by sys-admin and developers for IT techs, and are intended more as a reference than as a how to. Man pages are very useful for people who are already familiar with Linux, Unix, and BSD operating systems. Use man pages when you just need to know the syntax for particular commands or configuration file, but they are not helpful for new Linux users. Man pages are not good for learning something new for the first time. Here are thirty best documentation sites on the web for learning Linux and Unix like operating systems.]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-documentations.html/feed 30 Linux / UNIX Desktop Fun: Let it Snow On Your Desktophttp://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-xsnow.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-xsnow.html#comments Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:22:19 +0000 nixCraft http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/?p=8391

Feeling lonely this holiday season? Try Xsnow. This little app will let is snow on the desktop. Santa and his reindeer will complete your festive season feeling with moving snowflakes on your desktop, with Santa Claus running all over the screen. ]]> http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-xsnow.html/feed 6