How To Find BASH Shell Array Length ( number of elements )

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How do I define an array in a bash shell script? How do I find out bash array length (number of elements) while running a script using for shell loop?

Bash provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as an array; the declare builtin will explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. This page shows how to find number of elements in bash array.

How do I define bash array?

Array can be defined using following syntax:
ArrayName=("element 1" "element 2" "element 3")
Define array called distro with 3 elements, enter:

distro=("redhat" "debian" "gentoo")

How do I reference any element in bash array?

Any element of an array may be referenced using following syntax:

${ArrayName[subscript]}

To print redhat i.e first element enter:

echo "${distro[0]}"
echo "${distro[2]}"  # will print gentoo

How do I find out bash shell array length?

You can easily find out bash shell array length using following syntax:

${#ArrayName[@]}

To print distro array length enter:

echo "${#distro[@]}"

Sample output:

3

If subscript is @ or *, the word expands to all members of name. By prefixing # to variable you will find length of an array (i.e number of elements). Now we can use bash for loop to read or print values from $distro:

## define it
distro=("redhat" "debian" "gentoo")
 
## get length of $distro array
len=${#distro[@]}
 
## Use bash for loop 
for (( i=0; i<$len; i++ )); do echo "${distro[$i]}" ; done

Bash find number of elements in array

Putting it all together

A sample shell script to print array called NAMESERVERS:

#!/bin/bash
# define array
# name server names FQDN 
NAMESERVERS=("ns1.nixcraft.net." "ns2.nixcraft.net." "ns3.nixcraft.net.")
 
# get length of an array
tLen=${#NAMESERVERS[@]}
 
# use for loop read all nameservers
for (( i=0; i<${tLen}; i++ ));
do
  echo ${NAMESERVERS[$i]}
done

Sample output:

ns1.nixcraft.net.
ns2.nixcraft.net.
ns3.nixcraft.net.

Posted by: Vivek Gite

The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin, DevOps engineer, and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. Get the latest tutorials on SysAdmin, Linux/Unix and open source topics via RSS/XML feed or weekly email newsletter.

Start the discussion at www.nixcraft.com

Historical Comment Archive

17 comment

    1. Here’s a quick flush:

      NUM=${#a[@]}; for ((i=0;i<${NUM};i++)); do a[${i}]=''; done

      And a for a quick scan, you can do the following either before or after:

      COUNT=0; while [ ${COUNT} -lt ${#a[@]} ]; do echo ${a[${COUNT}]}; COUNT=$((COUNT+1)); done

  4. Hi!
    I think that this example is bad.
    I would do this without a block .

    #!/bin/bash

    NAMESERVERS=”ns1.nixcraft.net. ns2.nixcraft.net. ns3.nixcraft.net.”
    for i in $NAMESERVERS; do
    echo “$i”
    done

      1. The way it’s done in the post only works when using bash. This is a more POSIX-compatible way of making it work. You can also change the element-separator character to something different than the space, using the variabe IFS.

    1. Well yes, ${#a[@]} pretty much spits out the the number of elements in the array, like the document here said… notice that it’s plainly used as tlen which is the length of the array?

      you could do it a million different ways…

      NUM=${a[@]}
      for ((i=0;i<${NUM};i++)); do echo ${a[${NUM}]}; done

      or:

      COUNT=0; while [ ${COUNT} -lt ${#a[@]} ]; do echo ${a[${COUNT}]}; COUNT=$((COUNT+1)); done

      We could go on and on, since there's more than one way to skin a cat.

  6. Good points on handling a possibly sparse array, Raymond, but the example is pretty useful if you load the array yourself. Also note that you don’t need to use a variable to store the array length:

    for (( i = 0 ; i < ${#my_array[@]} ; i++ )) do; echo "${my_array[i]}"; done

    Note the implementations of BASH I am using don't require "$i" as the index of the array, they work fine with just "i". This only seems to work with single character length index variable names though, like "i", not with, for example, "index". YMMV.

    Regards,
    Stuart

  7. 1.Write a Linux shell Script to count the Number of user accounts both normal and special or privileged user user accounts on the system.
    2.Write an interactive Linux shell script to test whether a file is (a). Read Permission set. (b). Execution permission set (c). Is a non empty file (d). A regular file (e). Ia a directory.

  9. Dan I know this is an older thread but I found this and your information was very helpful to me. Unfortunately there are not enough people in the world like you and more like Ryan.

    Thanks again!

  10. Hi, Sorry i know this is an old thread!

    I need a help!

    for i in `seq 1 ${#DEV[@]}` ; do
  echo "DEV- ${DEV[$i]} ${DEV_DS[$i]} " >> $REPORT1

    ${#DEV[@]} –> this represents the length of the array

    If I want to go to the second last element of the array , what can I write in place of ${#DEV[@]} ?

    1. If ${#DEV[@]} is the last element then just decrement it to get the second last element.

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