FreeBSD Install sudo Command To Execute Commands

zsh: command not found: sudo

How do I install sudo command under a FreeBSD 9.x/10.x/11.x/12.x/13.x system?

FreeBSD install sudo command

1. Open the terminal application
2. For remote server log in using the ssh command. For example: ssh ec2-user@ec2-freebsd-server-ip
3. Update your pkg database, run: pkg update && pkg upgrade.
4. Install sudo on FreeBSD by typing the pkg install sudo command.
5. Configure sudo access on FreeBSD as per needs

Let us see how to install and use sudo on a FreeBSD system in details.

Install sudo using FreeBSD port system

To install the port, enter:
# cd /usr/ports/security/sudo/ && make install clean

FreeBSD Install sudo command using pkg_add or pkg command

To add the binary package use the pkg_add on older version of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD 9.x, run:
# pkg_add -rv sudo
OR
# pkg_add -r sudo
Sample outputs:

Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/amd64/packages-9.0-release/Latest/sudo.tbz... Done.

For the latest version of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD 11.x+ use the pkg command:
# pkg install sudo
Sample outputs:

Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.txz: 100%    916 B   0.9kB/s    00:01    
Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB 955.9kB/s    00:07    
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31972 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 1 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
 
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	sudo: 1.9.3p1
 
Number of packages to be installed: 1
 
The process will require 4 MiB more space.
925 KiB to be downloaded.
 
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
[1/1] Fetching sudo-1.9.3p1.txz: 100%  925 KiB 473.4kB/s    00:02    
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/1] Installing sudo-1.9.3p1...
[1/1] Extracting sudo-1.9.3p1: 100%

How do I configure sudo?

The default configuration file is located at /usr/local/etc/sudoers. This file MUST be edited with the visudo command as root. Failure to use visudo may result in syntax or file permission errors that prevent sudo from running.
% su -
# visudo
Allow user vivek to run all admin tasks via sudo:

vivek ALL=(ALL) ALL

Allow members of group wheel to execute any command:

%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

Save and close the file.

Task: Become a root user with sudo

Type the following command to run shell as the target user:
% sudo -s
Sample outputs:

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
 
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
 
Password: <Enter Your Own Password Here>
fdbsd9#

In this following example run login shell as the target user:
$ sudo -i
Sample outputs:

Password:
root@examplejail:~ #

Use the id command to verify the user and group names and numeric IDs:
$ id
See "How To Add, Delete, and Grant Sudo Privileges to Users on a FreeBSD Server" for detailed info.

Task: Run any command as root

The syntax is:

sudo /path/to/command
sudo /path/to/command arg1

In this example, restart ftpd service:
% sudo /etc/rc.d/ftpd restart
Sample outputs:

Password: <Enter Your Own Password Here>
Stopping ftpd.
Starting ftpd.

How to list user's privileges or check a specific command

To see what commands you are allowed to run, type:
$ sudo -l
$ sudo -ll
Sample outputs:

User vivek may run the following commands on examplejail:

Sudoers entry:
    RunAsUsers: ALL
    Commands:
	ALL

Summing up

We leanred how to insall and configure sudo on FreeBSD Unix operating system running in the cloud. See the following for more info:

• Linux Run Command As Another User Using su, sudo, and runuser command.
• man page - sudo