zsh: command not found: sudo

How do I install sudo command under a FreeBSD 9.x/10.x/11.x/12.x system?

sudo is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give limited root privileges to users and log root activity. Unlike su, sudo authenticates users against their own password rather than that of the target user. Sudo allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments. This allow the delegation of specific commands to specific users on specific hosts without sharing passwords among them.

FreeBSD install sudo command

1. Open the terminal application
2. For remote server log in using the ssh command. For example: ssh ec2-user@ec2-freebsd-server-ip
3. Update your pkg database, run: pkg update && pkg upgrade.
4. Install sudo on FreeBSD by typing the pkg install sudo command.
5. Configure sudo access on FreeBSD as per needs

Let us see how to install and use sudo on a FreeBSD system in details.

Install sudo using FreeBSD port system

To install the port, enter:
# cd /usr/ports/security/sudo/ && make install clean

FreeBSD Install sudo command using pkg_add or pkg command

To add the binary package use the pkg_add on older version of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD 9.x, run:
# pkg_add -rv sudo
OR
# pkg_add -r sudo
Sample outputs:

Fetching ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/amd64/packages-9.0-release/Latest/sudo.tbz... Done.

For the latest version of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD 11.x+ use the pkg command:
# pkg install sudo
Sample outputs:

Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up to date.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 1 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
 
New packages to be INSTALLED:
	sudo: 1.8.27_1
 
Number of packages to be installed: 1
 
The process will require 3 MiB more space.
700 KiB to be downloaded.
 
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
[1/1] Fetching sudo-1.8.27_1.txz: 100%  700 KiB 716.8kB/s    00:01    
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/1] Installing sudo-1.8.27_1...
[1/1] Extracting sudo-1.8.27_1: 100%

How do I configure sudo?

The default configuration file is located at /usr/local/etc/sudoers. This file MUST be edited with the visudo command as root. Failure to use visudo may result in syntax or file permission errors that prevent sudo from running.
% su -
# visudo
Allow user vivek to run all admin tasks via sudo:

vivek ALL=(ALL) ALL

Allow members of group wheel to execute any command:

%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

Save and close the file.

Task: Become a root user with sudo

Type the following command to run shell as the target user:
% sudo -s
Sample outputs:

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
 
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
 
Password: <Enter Your Own Password Here>
fdbsd9#

In this following example run login shell as the target user:
$ sudo -i
Sample outputs:

Password:
root@examplejail:~ #

Use the id command to verify the user and group names and numeric IDs:
$ id

Task: Run any command as root

The syntax is:

sudo /path/to/command
sudo /path/to/command arg1

In this example, restart ftpd service:
% sudo /etc/rc.d/ftpd restart
Sample outputs:

Password: <Enter Your Own Password Here>
Stopping ftpd.
Starting ftpd.

How to list user's privileges or check a specific command

To see what commands you are allowed to run, type:
$ sudo -l
$ sudo -ll
Sample outputs:

User vivek may run the following commands on examplejail:

Sudoers entry:
    RunAsUsers: ALL
    Commands:
	ALL

See also

• Linux Run Command As Another User Using su, sudo, and runuser command.
• man page - sudo

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