Q. I’d like to save disk space for my FreeBSD 7 ISP server. We run webserver, nameserver from various jails under powerful HP RAID 10 server. How do I export /usr/ports from host to each jail hosted on /jail/ volume such as /jail/www, /jail/ns, /jail/sql etc?
A. You need to use the mount_nullfs command. It creates a null layer, duplicating a sub-tree of the file system name space under another part of the global file system namespace. This allows existing files and directories to be accessed using a different pathname. You need to run this command outside jail.
Option #1: Mount ports in read write mode
Login as root and type the following command:
# D=/jail/www
# mkdir -p $D/usr/ports
# mount_nullfs /usr/ports $D/usr/ports
# mount | sort
Now login to jail called www (jail id # 10):
# jls
# jexec 10 sh
Try to install apache22:
# cd /usr/ports
# cd www/apache22
# make install clean
Option #2: Mount ports in read only mode
As suggested by reader Mel, you can mount ports tree in read only mode. This may result into ports tree integrity in a long run.
D=/jail/www
mkdir -p $D/usr/ports
mount_nullfs -o ro /usr/ports $D/usr/ports
Mount /var/distfiles in read-write mode:
# mkdir $D/var/distfiles
# mount_nullfs -o rw /usr/ports/distfiles $D/var/distfiles
Now install port called php5:
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
# make install clean WRKDIRPREFIX=/tmp
You need to set WRKDIRPREFIX as ports installed in read only mode. WRKDIRPREFIX specifies where to create any temporary files. You need to set WRKDIRPREFIX and variables as follows to make them a permanent settings in /etc/make.conf file:
WRKDIRPREFIX= /var/ports DISTDIR= /var/ports/distfiles PACKAGES= /var/ports/packages
Where,
- WRKDIRPREFIX : Where to create any temporary files.
- DISTDIR : Where to find/put distfiles.
- PACKAGES : Used only for the package target; the base directory for the packages tree, normally packages/ in PORTSDIR.
You can create those directory with the following make command:
# mkdir -p /var/ports/{packages,distfiles}
Further readings
- man page ports, make
🐧 7 comments so far... add one ↓
| Category | List of Unix and Linux commands |
|---|---|
| Disk space analyzers | df • duf • ncdu • pydf |
| File Management | cat • cp • mkdir • tree |
| Firewall | Alpine Awall • CentOS 8 • OpenSUSE • RHEL 8 • Ubuntu 16.04 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04 |
| Modern utilities | bat • exa |
| Network Utilities | NetHogs • dig • host • ip • nmap |
| OpenVPN | CentOS 7 • CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Debian 8/9 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04 |
| Package Manager | apk • apt |
| Processes Management | bg • chroot • cron • disown • fg • glances • gtop • jobs • killall • kill • pidof • pstree • pwdx • time • vtop |
| Searching | ag • grep • whereis • which |
| User Information | groups • id • lastcomm • last • lid/libuser-lid • logname • members • users • whoami • who • w |
| WireGuard VPN | Alpine • CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Firewall • Ubuntu 20.04 |
It’s better to mount read-only, so you don’t make changes to the ports in either, both or neither. Secondly, you don’t get to deal with the port’s cookies (${WRKDIR}/.*_done) when you build port foo in either.
Setting:
DISTDIR
WRKDIRPREFIX
to a jail writeable directory is required.
I myself use:
mkdir $D/var/distfilesmount -t nullfs -o rw /usr/ports/distfiles $D/var/distfiles
Nice tips. Thanks for sharing with us. The FAQ has been updated to incorporate your view.
I get this error:
mount_nullfs: Operation not supported by device
CO=/compat/i386/usr
mount -t nullfs /usr $CO
I try to mount in chroot environment.
I forget to add output of error:
mount_nullfs: Operation not supported by device
I think we have first to load nullfs module then mount any specified directory in jail:
#cd /usr/src/sys/modules/nullfs
#make && make install clean
#kldload nullfs
#CO=/compat/i386/usr
#mount -t nullfs /usr $CO
When I type the first command D=/jail/www (of course with my directory) I get D=/jail/www Command not found.
Can you please help me fix this.
thank you,
Amy
Thanks for this (old) post – it just helped me set up my jails!
Two minor things:
You suggest to create those directory with the following make command:
# mkdir -p /var/ports/{packages,distfiles}
However, whether or not this command works, depends on your current shell. It does work for tcsh but not for sh.
And there is a small mistake in option #2:
Here you use the directory /var/distfiles
Mount /var/distfiles in read-write mode:
# mkdir $D/var/distfiles
# mount_nullfs -o rw /usr/ports/distfiles $D/var/distfiles
But later you suggest to put this into /etc/make.conf:
DISTDIR= /var/ports/distfiles