Django is a free and open source Python web framework for creating web apps. In this tutorial, you will learn how install Django 2 on an Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS server including a quick starter for your site.
Install the latest version of Django 2.x
First you need to install pip for Python 3.x. Type the following apt command/apt-get command $ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
Sample outputs:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: binutils build-essential ca-certificates cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libgdbm3 libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libmpx0 libperl5.22 libpython3-dev libpython3.5-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev make manpages manpages-dev openssl patch perl perl-modules-5.22 python-pip-whl python3-dev python3-pkg-resources python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.5-dev rename xz-utils Suggested packages: binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-5-locales debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc make-doc man-browser ed diffutils-doc perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl | libterm-readline-perl-perl python-setuptools-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils build-essential ca-certificates cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libgdbm3 libgomp1 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libmpx0 libperl5.22 libpython3-dev libpython3.5-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev make manpages manpages-dev openssl patch perl perl-modules-5.22 python-pip-whl python3-dev python3-pip python3-pkg-resources python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.5-dev rename xz-utils 0 upgraded, 57 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 86.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 245 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libgdbm3 amd64 1.8.3-13.1 [16.9 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 perl-modules-5.22 all 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.2 [2661 kB] ... .... .. |
Use the pip3 command as follows to install django
$ sudo pip3 install Django
OR
$ sudo pip3 install Django==2.0
Sample outputs:
Fig.01: Install Django 2.x using pip/pip3 command
$ django-admin --versionOR
$ python3 -m django --versionSample outputs:
2.0
Creating user accounts for new project
Use the useradd command to create a new user named cbzdjango for my project:
$ sudo useradd -c 'Cyberciti.biz app root' -d /home/httpd/ -m -s /bin/bash cbzdjango
$ sudo passwd cbzdjango
Where,
- -c 'description' : Set GECOS for the new account
- -d /home/httpd/ : Set home directory for the new account
- -m : Create home dir for the new account
- -s /bin/bash : Set bash shell for the new account
Put your django 2.x code in some directory outside of the document root, such as /home/httpd instead of default /var/www/html. This is a security feature. Now you can login using ssh command or su command $ ssh cbzdjango@server1.cyberciti.biz
OR
$ su – cbzdjango
Writing your first Django 2.x app
First you need to auto-generate some code that establishes a Django 2.x project using the django-admin command. The syntax is:
$ django-admin startproject Your-Project-Name-Here
$ cd Your-Project-Name-Here
For example, I am going to create a project named helloworld
$ django-admin startproject helloworld $ ls -l total 4 drwxrwxr-x 3 cbzdjango cbzdjango 4096 Dec 3 17:04 helloworld $ cd helloworld $ ls -l total 8 drwxrwxr-x 2 cbzdjango cbzdjango 4096 Dec 3 17:04 helloworld -rwxr-xr-x 1 cbzdjango cbzdjango 542 Dec 3 17:04 manage.py
Next you start the development server by typing the following command in the helloworld directory:
$ python3 manage.py runserver
Sample outputs:
Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). You have 14 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them. December 03, 2017 - 17:13:44 Django version 2.0, using settings 'helloworld.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C. |
To change the server ip and port, run:
$ python3 manage.py runserver 8443
$ python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8443
$ python3 manage.py runserver 10.98.222.14:8443
If you change the port and IP, make sure you update settings.py as follows to avoid the following error:
DisallowedHost at / Invalid HTTP_HOST header: '10.98.222.14:8443'. You may need to add '10.98.222.14' to ALLOWED_HOSTS. http://10.98.222.14:8443
Edit helloworld/settings.py
$ vi helloworld/settings.py
Set/update/edit ALLOWED_HOSTS as follows:
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1', 'localhost', '192.168.2.115', '10.98.222.14' ] |
Save and close the file. Start the server again:
$ python3 manage.py runserver 10.98.222.14:8443
Fire a web browser and type the following url:
http://10.98.222.14:8443
Sample outputs:
Fig.01: Yay! The install worked successfully on my server.
Writing your first view
First, make sure youre in the same directory as manage.py and type the following command:
$ python3 manage.py startapp demo
$ ls -l
Sample outputs:
Fig.03: Creating the demo app
demo demo/models.py demo/apps.py demo/tests.py demo/views.py demo/migrations demo/migrations/__init__.py demo/admin.py demo/__init__.py
This directory structure will hold the demo application. Next edit file as follows:
$ vi demo/views.py
Edit/append as follows:
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. from django.http import HttpResponse def index(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, world. Yay! My first app is online.") |
Save and close the file. This is the simplest view possible in Django and simple display “Hello, world. Yay! My first app is online.”. To call the view, you need to map it to a URL
$ vi demo/urls.py
Append the following code:
from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.index, name='index'), ] |
Save and close the file. Finally update urls.py in your project directory:
$ vi helloworld/urls.py
Edit/append as follows:
"""helloworld URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import include urlpatterns = [ path('demo/', include('demo.urls')), path('admin/', admin.site.urls), ] |
Save and close the file. Start the server again:
$ python3 manage.py runserver 10.98.222.14:8443
Fire a browser and type the following command url:
http://10.98.222.14:8443/demo/
Sample outputs:
Fig.04: Your first “Hello World” app in Django 2.x in action
How to bootstrap the database and create /admin/ part for app
Type the following command to use the default sqlite3 db engine:
$ python3 manage.py migrate
Sample outputs:
Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK |
Creating an admin user
Type the following command:
$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Sample outputs:
Username (leave blank to use 'cbzdjango'): admin Email address: webmaster@cyberciti.biz Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully.
Start the development server, run:
$ python3 manage.py runserver 10.98.222.14:8443
Fire a Web browser and go to “/admin/” url on your local ip/domain:
http://10.98.222.14:8443/admin/
You should see the admin’s login screen:
Fig.05: /admin/ url in action
Fig.06: The admin site in action
Conclusion
And there you have it, Django 2.x installed on your Ubuntu Linux 16.04 server, working with a sample demo application. I suggest that you take a look at the following resources if you want to learn or master Django:
- Django project home page
- Django books for learning and mastering Django
- Python 3 books for learning and mastering Python 3.x
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| Category | List of Unix and Linux commands |
|---|---|
| File Management | cat |
| Firewall | CentOS 8 • OpenSUSE • RHEL 8 • Ubuntu 16.04 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04 |
| Network Utilities | dig • host • ip • nmap |
| OpenVPN | CentOS 7 • CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Debian 8/9 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04 |
| Package Manager | apk • apt |
| Processes Management | bg • chroot • disown • fg • jobs • killall • kill • pidof • pstree • pwdx • time |
| Searching | grep • whereis • which |
| User Information | groups • id • lastcomm • last • lid/libuser-lid • logname • members • users • whoami • who • w |
| WireGuard VPN | CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Firewall • Ubuntu 20.04 |
sudo useradd -c ‘Cyberciti.biz app root’ -d /home/httpd/ -m -s /bin/bash
did not work for me on my server do I need to own the domain or buy a domain and substitute it because for now I am just using a virtual server with an IP address that I can just get a domain for.
best,
No. You can just say anything. What distro are you using?
Hey thanks for getting back to me quickly. My distro is Ubuntu.
Yes, if you are planning to run a public site, get a domain name. You may have to use Nginx/Apache web server too.
Im using distro 16.04
I love the tutorial but I want to make it where have the server up and running. This tut teaches you how to make the install and setup but not the last part where the server is completely up and running. That would truly make this tutorial complete.