I‘ve downloaded Firefox version 14.0.1 from mozilla ftp server. The name of file is firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2. How do I install firefox in any Linux distribution?

Step #1: Download Firefox 14

Download Firefox version 14 from the Firefox download page to your /tmp directory. First, close Firefox if it’s running. Open a command line-terminal and go to your /tmp directory, enter:
$ cd /tmp
If you’ve not saved or downloaded Firefox 14, use the wget command as follows:
$ wget 'http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/14.0.1/linux-i686/en-US/firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2'
OR, you can download 64 bit version:
$ wget 'http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/14.0.1/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2'
Sample outputs:

--2012-07-18 16:37:44--  http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/14.0.1/linux-x86_64/en-US/firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2
Resolving ftp.jaist.ac.jp... 150.65.7.130, 2001:200:141:feed::feed
Connecting to ftp.jaist.ac.jp|150.65.7.130|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 20311567 (19M) [application/x-bzip2]
Saving to: `firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2'

100%[==========================================================>] 2,03,11,567  322K/s   in 47s     

2012-07-18 16:38:32 (425 KB/s) - `firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2' saved [20311567/20311567]

Step #2: Extract and Install firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2 Tar Ball

To extract the contents of the downloaded file called firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2 and install into /opt directory, enter:
$ tar -jxvf firefox-14.0.1.tar.bz2 -C /opt
Sample outputs:

firefox/
firefox/libnssdbm3.so
firefox/updater.ini
firefox/icons/
...
..
...
firefox/dictionaries/en-US.dic
firefox/libssl3.so
firefox/crashreporter.ini
firefox/libmozalloc.so
firefox/libmozsqlite3.so
firefox/precomplete

If you can not install Firefox 14 in /opt directory, due to permission issues; use the following command to install FF14 in your own home directory:
$ mkdir ~/firfox14
$ tar jxvf firefox-*.tar.bz2 -C ~/firfox14

Step #3: Start Firefox 14 under Linux

First, make sure you backup ~/.mozilla/ directory, enter:
$ mkdir ~/backups
$ cp -avr ~/.mozilla/ ~/backups
To start Firefox, type the firefox command script in the firefox directory:
$ /opt/firefox/firefox
OR
$ ~/firefox14/firefox/firefox
Sample outputs:

A Note about your bookmarks and browsing history (Am I going to lose them?)

You won’t lose any of your bookmarks or browsing history when you run Firefox v14, but some of your extensions and other add-ons might not work until updates for them are made available.