Q. How can I make sure that users can only access their own home directories?
A. You can use rbash i.e. restricted bash shell. A restricted shell is used to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It behaves identically to bash with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
- Changing directories with cd
- Setting or unsetting the values of SHELL, PATH, ENV, or BASH_ENV
- Specifying command names containing /
- Specifying a file name containing a / as an argument to the . builtin command
- Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the -p option to the hash builtin command
- Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
- Parsing the value of SHELLOPTS from the shell environment at startup
- Redirecting output using the >, >|, , >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
- Using the exec builtin command to replace the shell with another command
- Adding or deleting builtin commands with the -f and -d options to the enable builtin command
- Using the enable builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
- Specifying the -p option to the command builtin command
- Turning off restricted mode with set +r or set +o restricted.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed, rbash turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
Open /etc/passwd file and setup shell to /bin/rbash
# vi /etc/passwd
For example here is a sample entry for user vivek:
vivek:x:100:101::/home/vivek:/bin/rbash
Save and close the file.
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🐧 16 comments so far... add one ↓
🐧 16 comments so far... add one ↓
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From Where I can get rbash
In my /bin no file is there by name rbash so, my telnet is terminating after entering password
as it is not finding rbash command
cp /bin/bash /bin/rbash
will do the trick
Hi!
While using a command line, this restriction works. But if I have mc (Midnight Commander) installed, then this ‘rbashed’ user just can use mc and browse the whole system.
THANKS FRANK, IT WAS VERY USEFUL
how vnc other user restrict ?
thanks that is very usefull
how can i permit the users to use only ifconfig command to change the server IP
I can get out of ~ with everything but cd… I mean
pico /etc/passwd for example or ls /bin etc.
If you have /bin in your PATH, you can easily bypass rbash’s restrictive properties. See below,
[root@host ~]# !su
su – blah2010
-rbash-3.2$ cd /
-rbash: cd: restricted
-rbash-3.2$ bash
bash-3.2$ cd /
bash-3.2$ ls | wc -l
29
bash-3.2$
The key is to fine tune until you have the right setting. Nice post.
Hmmm….
it doesn’t work very well
Users can still execute command like
cat /home/another_user/public_html/includes/database_password.inc.php
More so SFTP and FTP doesn’t work once user’s bash has been changed to rbash
You might also need to create a link between /bin/rbash and /bin/bash (because CentOS doesn’t ship with this link by default):
ln /bin/bash /bin/rbash
Actually this is a limited success for instance a user can type tree / and get a complete listing of the tree structure and then have the ability to rm files in other directories. it does work fine for not allowing cd or executing scripts with a / but if someone really wants to do mischief this isnt going to restrict them
I second Gary . I have connected user via FTP client / FTP browser and user still be able to access / up to the root and view files.
– I have tried this with FileZilla FTP Client > Login with user account > User account dropped to home directory (FINE) > however if i type / in (browsing ) user is able to see the Root and browse through the files .
I only want to restrict user only and only and only can have access to his home directory . Please assist .
‘cd’ command didn’t work for me. After log on to console I used ‘sh’ and then I could use cd command. At the same time it was preventing me to go to other users folder. All Good :)
Thank you. This helped me a lot :)
hi
i want to restrict a user to home dir and he can access or save upto 100mb of data in that home dir only. Is it possible to perform this task.
Thanks in advance
Satish Amrutwar
Is there a way that we can have same restrictions for SFTP/FTP users?