octal HowTo - Linux / Unix Q & A from nixCraft

How to get octal file permissions on Linux/Unix command line

in BASH Shell, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, UNIX last updated November 5, 2017

I am a new Linux command line user. How do I find file permissions in octal format such as 0644 from the bash command line running on a Linux or Unix operating systems? How can I get the octal permissions for a file?

Linux / UNIX: bc Convert Octal To Hexadecimal or Vise Versa

in Linux, UNIX last updated December 12, 2017

How do I convert from octal to hex number using the bc UNIX / Linux command line utility?