Unix command to find a file in a directory and subdirectory

I think I lost (or forgot the file location) a file named toms-first-birthday.mp4 on my Unix based system. Is there is a Unix bash shell command to find a file called “toms-first-birthday.mp4” in a directory and subdirectories?

You need to use the find command on a Linux or Unix-like system to search through directories for files.

Syntax

The syntax is
find /search/directory/ -name "matching file search criteria" -actions
find /dir/to/search -name "pattern" -print
find /dir/to/search -name "file-to-search" -print
find /dir/to/search -name "file-to-search" -print [-action]

The find command will begin looking in the /dir/to/search/ and proceed to search through all accessible subdirectories. The filename is usually specified by the -name option. You can use other matching criteria too:

• -name file-name – Search for given file-name. You can use pattern such as *.c
• -iname file-name – Like -name, but the match is case insensitive. For example, the patterns `fo*’ and `F??’ match the file names `Foo’, `FOO’, `foo’, `fOo’, etc. The pattern `*foo*` will also match a file called ‘.foobar’.
• -user userName – The file’s owner is userName
• -group groupName – The file’s group owner is groupName
• -type N – Search by file type. N can be any one of the following:
• b : block (buffered) special
• c : character (unbuffered) special
• d : directory
• p : named pipe (FIFO)
• f : regular file
• l : symbolic link; this is never true if the -L option or the -follow option is in effect, unless the symbolic link is broken. If you want to search for symbolic links when -L is in effect, use -xtype.
• s : socket
• D : door (Solaris Unix)

The default action is to display the file name when criteria is matched. You can specify the following actions when file found:

• -print : Show pathnames of matching files.
• -exec cmd {} + : Run command cmd on a file.
• -ls : List current file in ls -dils format on screen.
• -delete : Delete file.

Unix find command examples

To find and report toms-first-birthday.mp4 file in your HONE directory, enter:
$ find $HOME -name "toms-first-birthday.mp4" -print
To find and report all mp4 files starting at the /home/vivek/ directory, enter:
$ find /home/vivek/ -name "*.mp4" -print
To find and report all mp4 files starting at the /home/vivek/ and /tmp/ directory, enter:
$ find /home/vivek/ /tmp/ -name "*.mp4" -print
For more info, see the Unix find command manual page:
$ man find

A note about locate command on Linux/Unix

To find files by name use locate command:
locate file-name
locate pattern
locate [option] pattern
locate toms-first-birthday.mp4 | more
locate -b '\toms-first-birthday.mp4'
locate *.sh | more
Sample outputs:

Category	List of Unix and Linux commands
File Management	cat
Firewall	Alpine Awall • CentOS 8 • OpenSUSE • RHEL 8 • Ubuntu 16.04 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04
Network Utilities	dig • host • ip • nmap
OpenVPN	CentOS 7 • CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Debian 8/9 • Ubuntu 18.04 • Ubuntu 20.04
Package Manager	apk • apt
Processes Management	bg • chroot • cron • disown • fg • jobs • killall • kill • pidof • pstree • pwdx • time
Searching	grep • whereis • which
User Information	groups • id • lastcomm • last • lid/libuser-lid • logname • members • users • whoami • who • w
WireGuard VPN	Alpine • CentOS 8 • Debian 10 • Firewall • Ubuntu 20.04