Top 32 Nmap Command Examples For Linux Sys/Network Admins

Nmap is short for Network Mapper. It is an open source security tool for network exploration, security scanning and auditing. However, nmap command comes with lots of options that can make the utility more robust and difficult to follow for new users. The purpose of this post is to introduce a user to the nmap command line tool to scan a host and/or network, so to find out the possible vulnerable points in the hosts. You will also learn how to use Nmap for offensive and defensive purposes. Let us see some common nmap command examples.

What is Nmap and what is it used for?

From the man page:

Nmap (“Network Mapper”) is an open source tool for network exploration and security auditing. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. While Nmap is commonly used for security audits, many systems and network administrators find it useful for routine tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime.

It was originally written by Gordon Lyon and it can answer the following questions easily:

What computers did you find running on the local network?
What IP addresses did you find running on the local network?
What is the operating system of your target machine?
Find out what ports are open on the machine that you just scanned?
Find out if the system is infected with malware or virus.
Search for unauthorized servers or network service on your network.
Find and remove computers which don’t meet the organization’s minimum level of security.

Sample setup (LAB)

Port scanning may be illegal in some jurisdictions. So setup a lab as follows:

                              +---------+
        +---------+           | Network |         +--------+
        | server1 |-----------+ swtich  +---------|server2 |
        +---------+           | (sw0)   |         +--------+
                              +----+----+
                                   | 
                                   |
                         +---------+----------+
                         | wks01 Linux/OSX    |
                         +--------------------+

Where,

wks01 is your computer either running Linux/OS X or Unix like operating system. It is used for scanning your local network. The nmap command must be installed on this computer.
server1 can be powered by Linux / Unix / MS-Windows operating systems. This is an unpatched server. Feel free to install a few services such as a web-server, file server and so on.
server2 can be powered by Linux / Unix / MS-Windows operating systems. This is a fully patched server with firewall. Again, feel free to install few services such as a web-server, file server and so on.
All three systems are connected via switch.

How do I install nmap?

See:

#1: Scan a single host or an IP address (IPv4)

### Scan a single ip address ###
nmap 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan a host name ###
nmap server1.cyberciti.biz
 
## Scan a host name with more info###
nmap -v server1.cyberciti.biz

Sample outputs:

#2: Scan multiple IP address or subnet (IPv4)

nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3
## works with same subnet i.e. 192.168.1.0/24 
nmap 192.168.1.1,2,3

You can scan a range of IP address too:

nmap 192.168.1.1-20

You can scan a range of IP address using a wildcard:

nmap 192.168.1.*

Finally, you scan an entire subnet:

nmap 192.168.1.0/24

#3: Read list of hosts/networks from a file (IPv4)

The -iL option allows you to read the list of target systems using a text file. This is useful to scan a large number of hosts/networks. Create a text file as follows:
cat > /tmp/test.txt
Sample outputs:

server1.cyberciti.biz
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.1/24
10.1.2.3
localhost

The syntax is:

nmap -iL /tmp/test.txt

#4: Excluding hosts/networks (IPv4)

When scanning a large number of hosts/networks you can exclude hosts from a scan:

nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5
nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5,192.168.1.254

OR exclude list from a file called /tmp/exclude.txt

nmap -iL /tmp/scanlist.txt --excludefile /tmp/exclude.txt

#5: Turn on OS and version detection scanning script (IPv4)

nmap -A 192.168.1.254
nmap -v -A 192.168.1.1
nmap -A -iL /tmp/scanlist.txt

#6: Find out if a host/network is protected by a firewall

nmap -sA 192.168.1.254
nmap -sA server1.cyberciti.biz

#7: Scan a host when protected by the firewall

nmap -PN 192.168.1.1
nmap -PN server1.cyberciti.biz

#8: Scan an IPv6 host/address

The -6 option enable IPv6 scanning. The syntax is:

nmap -6 IPv6-Address-Here
nmap -6 server1.cyberciti.biz
nmap -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4
nmap -v A -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4

#9: Scan a network and find out which servers and devices are up and running

This is known as host discovery or ping scan:

nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24

Sample outputs:

Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00035s latency).
MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)
Host 192.168.1.2 is up (0.0038s latency).
MAC Address: 74:44:01:40:57:FB (Unknown)
Host 192.168.1.5 is up.
Host nas03 (192.168.1.12) is up (0.0091s latency).
MAC Address: 00:11:32:11:15:FC (Synology Incorporated)
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 2.80 second

#10: How do I perform a fast scan?

nmap -F 192.168.1.1

#11: Display the reason a port is in a particular state

nmap --reason 192.168.1.1
nmap --reason server1.cyberciti.biz

#12: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

nmap --open 192.168.1.1
nmap --open server1.cyberciti.biz

#13: Show all packets sent and received

nmap --packet-trace 192.168.1.1
nmap --packet-trace server1.cyberciti.biz

14#: Show host interfaces and routes

This is useful for debugging (ip command or route command or netstat command like output using nmap)

nmap --iflist

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 02:01 IST
************************INTERFACES************************
DEV    (SHORT)  IP/MASK          TYPE        UP MAC
lo     (lo)     127.0.0.1/8      loopback    up
eth0   (eth0)   192.168.1.5/24   ethernet    up B8:AC:6F:65:31:E5
vmnet1 (vmnet1) 192.168.121.1/24 ethernet    up 00:50:56:C0:00:01
vmnet8 (vmnet8) 192.168.179.1/24 ethernet    up 00:50:56:C0:00:08
ppp0   (ppp0)   10.1.19.69/32    point2point up
 
**************************ROUTES**************************
DST/MASK         DEV    GATEWAY
10.0.31.178/32   ppp0
209.133.67.35/32 eth0   192.168.1.2
192.168.1.0/0    eth0
192.168.121.0/0  vmnet1
192.168.179.0/0  vmnet8
169.254.0.0/0    eth0
10.0.0.0/0       ppp0
0.0.0.0/0        eth0   192.168.1.2

#15: How do I scan specific ports?

nmap -p [port] hostName
## Scan port 80
nmap -p 80 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan TCP port 80
nmap -p T:80 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan UDP port 53
nmap -p U:53 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan two ports ##
nmap -p 80,443 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan port ranges ##
nmap -p 80-200 192.168.1.1
 
## Combine all options ##
nmap -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 192.168.1.1
nmap -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 server1.cyberciti.biz
nmap -v -sU -sT -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080 192.168.1.254
 
## Scan all ports with * wildcard ##
nmap -p "*" 192.168.1.1
 
## Scan top ports i.e. scan $number most common ports ##
nmap --top-ports 5 192.168.1.1
nmap --top-ports 10 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 01:23 IST
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
PORT     STATE  SERVICE
21/tcp   closed ftp
22/tcp   open   ssh
23/tcp   closed telnet
25/tcp   closed smtp
80/tcp   open   http
110/tcp  closed pop3
139/tcp  closed netbios-ssn
443/tcp  closed https
445/tcp  closed microsoft-ds
3389/tcp closed ms-term-serv
MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)
 
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.51 seconds

#16: The fastest way to scan all your devices/computers for open ports ever

nmap -T5 192.168.1.0/24

#17: How do I detect remote operating system?

You can identify a remote host apps and OS using the -O option:

nmap -O 192.168.1.1
nmap -O  --osscan-guess 192.168.1.1
nmap -v -O --osscan-guess 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 01:29 IST
NSE: Loaded 0 scripts for scanning.
Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 01:29
Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1 port]
Completed ARP Ping Scan at 01:29, 0.01s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29, 0.22s elapsed
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29
Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1000 ports]
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.1
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.1
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29, 0.16s elapsed (1000 total ports)
Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 192.168.1.1
Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 192.168.1.1
Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00049s latency).
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)
Device type: WAP|general purpose|router|printer|broadband router
Running (JUST GUESSING) : Linksys Linux 2.4.X (95%), Linux 2.4.X|2.6.X (94%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.X (92%), Lexmark embedded (90%), Enterasys embedded (89%), D-Link Linux 2.4.X (89%), Netgear Linux 2.4.X (89%)
Aggressive OS guesses: OpenWrt White Russian 0.9 (Linux 2.4.30) (95%), OpenWrt 0.9 - 7.09 (Linux 2.4.30 - 2.4.34) (94%), OpenWrt Kamikaze 7.09 (Linux 2.6.22) (94%), Linux 2.4.21 - 2.4.31 (likely embedded) (92%), Linux 2.6.15 - 2.6.23 (embedded) (92%), Linux 2.6.15 - 2.6.24 (92%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.0beta5 (92%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.17 (92%), Linux 2.6.24 (91%), Linux 2.6.22 (90%)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=5.00%D=11/27%OT=22%CT=1%CU=30609%PV=Y%DS=1%G=Y%M=BCAEC5%TM=50B3CA
OS:4B%P=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=C8%GCD=1%ISR=CB%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=7
OS:)OPS(O1=M2300ST11NW2%O2=M2300ST11NW2%O3=M2300NNT11NW2%O4=M2300ST11NW2%O5
OS:=M2300ST11NW2%O6=M2300ST11)WIN(W1=45E8%W2=45E8%W3=45E8%W4=45E8%W5=45E8%W
OS:6=45E8)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=4600%O=M2300NNSNW2%CC=N%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S
OS:=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%R
OS:D=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=
OS:0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=N)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID
OS:=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)
Uptime guess: 12.990 days (since Wed Nov 14 01:44:40 2012)
Network Distance: 1 hop
TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=200 (Good luck!)
IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros
Read data files from: /usr/share/nmap
OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.38 seconds
           Raw packets sent: 1126 (53.832KB) | Rcvd: 1066 (46.100KB)

See also: Fingerprinting a web-server and a dns server command line tools for more information.

#18: How do I detect remote services (server / daemon) version numbers?

nmap -sV 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 01:34 IST
Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1:
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     Dropbear sshd 0.52 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open  http?
1 service unrecognized despite returning data.

#19: Scan a host using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS) ping

If firewall is blocking standard ICMP pings, try the following host discovery methods:

nmap -PS 192.168.1.1
nmap -PS 80,21,443 192.168.1.1
nmap -PA 192.168.1.1
nmap -PA 80,21,200-512 192.168.1.1

#20: Scan a host using IP protocol ping

nmap -PO 192.168.1.1

#21: Scan a host using UDP ping

This scan bypasses firewalls and filters that only screen TCP:

nmap -PU 192.168.1.1
nmap -PU 2000.2001 192.168.1.1

#22: Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP SYN Scan

### Stealthy scan ###
nmap -sS 192.168.1.1
 
### Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using  TCP connect scan (warning: no stealth scan)
###  OS Fingerprinting ###
nmap -sT 192.168.1.1
 
### Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP ACK scan
nmap -sA 192.168.1.1
 
### Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP Window scan
nmap -sW 192.168.1.1
 
### Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP Maimon scan
nmap -sM 192.168.1.1

#23: Scan a host for UDP services (UDP scan)

Most popular services on the Internet run over the TCP protocol. DNS, SNMP, and DHCP are three of the most common UDP services. Use the following syntax to find out UDP services:

nmap -sU nas03
nmap -sU 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 00:52 IST
Stats: 0:05:29 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing UDP Scan
UDP Scan Timing: About 32.49% done; ETC: 01:09 (0:11:26 remaining)
Interesting ports on nas03 (192.168.1.12):
Not shown: 995 closed ports
PORT     STATE         SERVICE
111/udp  open|filtered rpcbind
123/udp  open|filtered ntp
161/udp  open|filtered snmp
2049/udp open|filtered nfs
5353/udp open|filtered zeroconf
MAC Address: 00:11:32:11:15:FC (Synology Incorporated)
 
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1099.55 seconds

#24: Scan for IP protocol

This type of scan allows you to determine which IP protocols (TCP, ICMP, IGMP, etc.) are supported by target machines:

nmap -sO 192.168.1.1

#25: Scan a firewall for security weakness

The following scan types exploit a subtle loophole in the TCP and good for testing security of common attacks:

## TCP Null Scan to fool a firewall to generate a response ##
## Does not set any bits (TCP flag header is 0) ##
nmap -sN 192.168.1.254
 
## TCP Fin scan to check firewall ##
## Sets just the TCP FIN bit ##
nmap -sF 192.168.1.254
 
## TCP Xmas scan to check firewall ##
## Sets the FIN, PSH, and URG flags, lighting the packet up like a Christmas tree ##
nmap -sX 192.168.1.254

See how to block Xmas packkets, syn-floods and other conman attacks with iptables.

#26: Scan a firewall for packets fragments

The -f option causes the requested scan (including ping scans) to use tiny fragmented IP packets. The idea is to split up the TCP header over
several packets to make it harder for packet filters, intrusion detection systems, and other annoyances to detect what you are doing.

nmap -f 192.168.1.1
nmap -f fw2.nixcraft.net.in
nmap -f 15 fw2.nixcraft.net.in

## Set your own offset size with the --mtu option ##
nmap --mtu 32 192.168.1.1

#27: Cloak a scan with decoys

The -D option it appear to the remote host that the host(s) you specify as decoys are scanning the target network too. Thus their IDS might report 5-10 port scans from unique IP addresses, but they won’t know which IP was scanning them and which were innocent decoys:

nmap -n -Ddecoy-ip1,decoy-ip2,your-own-ip,decoy-ip3,decoy-ip4 remote-host-ip
nmap -n -D192.168.1.5,10.5.1.2,172.1.2.4,3.4.2.1 192.168.1.5

#28: Scan a firewall for MAC address spoofing

### Spoof your MAC address ##
nmap --spoof-mac MAC-ADDRESS-HERE 192.168.1.1
 
### Add other options ###
nmap -v -sT -PN --spoof-mac MAC-ADDRESS-HERE 192.168.1.1
 
 
### Use a random MAC address ###
### The number 0, means nmap chooses a completely random MAC address ###
nmap -v -sT -PN --spoof-mac 0 192.168.1.1

#29: How do I save output to a text file?

The syntax is:

nmap 192.168.1.1 > output.txt
nmap -oN /path/to/filename 192.168.1.1
nmap -oN output.txt 192.168.1.1

#30 Scans for web servers and pipes into Nikto for scanning

nmap -p80 192.168.1.2/24 -oG - | /path/to/nikto.pl -h - nmap -p80,443 192.168.1.2/24 -oG - | /path/to/nikto.pl -h -

#31 Speed up nmap

Pass the -T option:
nmap -v -sS -A -T4 192.168.2.5
Sample outputs:

Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-15 01:52 IST
NSE: Loaded 143 scripts for scanning.
NSE: Script Pre-scanning.
Initiating NSE at 01:52
Completed NSE at 01:52, 0.00s elapsed
Initiating NSE at 01:52
Completed NSE at 01:52, 0.00s elapsed
Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 01:52
Scanning 192.168.2.15 [1 port]
Completed ARP Ping Scan at 01:52, 0.01s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 01:52
Scanning dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) [1000 ports]
Discovered open port 5900/tcp on 192.168.2.15
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.2.15
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.2.15
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 01:53, 4.62s elapsed (1000 total ports)
Initiating Service scan at 01:53
Scanning 3 services on dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)
Completed Service scan at 01:53, 6.01s elapsed (3 services on 1 host)
Initiating OS detection (try #1) against dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)
Retrying OS detection (try #2) against dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)
NSE: Script scanning 192.168.2.15.
Initiating NSE at 01:53
Completed NSE at 01:53, 30.02s elapsed
Initiating NSE at 01:53
Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsed
Nmap scan report for dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)
Host is up (0.00044s latency).
Not shown: 996 filtered ports
PORT     STATE  SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open   ssh     (protocol 2.0)
| fingerprint-strings: 
|   NULL: 
|_    SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Ubuntu-10
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 1d:14:84:f0:c7:21:10:0e:30:d9:f9:59:6b:c3:95:97 (RSA)
|_  256 dc:59:c6:6e:33:33:f2:d2:5d:9b:fd:b4:9c:52:c1:0a (ECDSA)
80/tcp   open   http    nginx 1.10.0 (Ubuntu)
| http-methods: 
|_  Supported Methods: GET HEAD
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.10.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
443/tcp  closed https
5900/tcp open   vnc     VNC (protocol 3.7)
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port22-TCP:V=7.40%I=7%D=5/15%Time=5918BCAA%P=x86_64-apple-darwin16.3.0%
SF:r(NULL,20,"SSH-2\.0-OpenSSH_7\.4p1\x20Ubuntu-10\n");
MAC Address: F0:1F:AF:1F:2C:60 (Dell)
Device type: general purpose
Running (JUST GUESSING): Linux 3.X|4.X|2.6.X (95%), OpenBSD 4.X (85%)
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.32 cpe:/o:openbsd:openbsd:4.0
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.11 - 4.1 (95%), Linux 4.4 (95%), Linux 3.13 (92%), Linux 4.0 (90%), Linux 2.6.32 (89%), Linux 2.6.32 or 3.10 (89%), Linux 3.2 - 3.8 (89%), Linux 3.10 - 3.12 (88%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.33 (87%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.35 (87%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Uptime guess: 0.000 days (since Mon May 15 01:53:08 2017)
Network Distance: 1 hop
TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=252 (Good luck!)
IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.44 ms dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)

NSE: Script Post-scanning.
Initiating NSE at 01:53
Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsed
Initiating NSE at 01:53
Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsed
Read data files from: /usr/local/bin/../share/nmap
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 46.02 seconds
           Raw packets sent: 2075 (95.016KB) | Rcvd: 50 (3.084KB)

#32: Not a fan of command line tools?

Try zenmap the official network mapper front end:

Zenmap is the official Nmap Security Scanner GUI. It is a multi-platform (Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, etc.) free and open source application which aims to make Nmap easy for beginners to use while providing advanced features for experienced Nmap users. Frequently used scans can be saved as profiles to make them easy to run repeatedly. A command creator allows interactive creation of Nmap command lines. Scan results can be saved and viewed later. Saved scan results can be compared with one another to see how they differ. The results of recent scans are stored in a searchable database.

You can install zenmap using the following apt-get command:
$ sudo apt-get install zenmap
Sample outputs:

[sudo] password for vivek: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  zenmap
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
Need to get 616 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,827 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/ squeeze/main zenmap amd64 5.00-3 [616 kB]
Fetched 616 kB in 3s (199 kB/s)                       
Selecting previously deselected package zenmap.
(Reading database ... 281105 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking zenmap (from .../zenmap_5.00-3_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up zenmap (5.00-3) ...
Processing triggers for python-central ...

Type the following command to start zenmap:
$ sudo zenmap
Sample outputs

How do I detect and block port scanning?

Try the following resources:

References:

The nmap command has many more options, please go through man page or the documentation for more information. What are some of your favorite nmap command-line tricks? Share your favorite tips, tricks, and advice in the comments below.

Posted by: Vivek Gite

The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin, DevOps engineer, and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. Get the latest tutorials on SysAdmin, Linux/Unix and open source topics via RSS/XML feed or weekly email newsletter.

25 comment

Kris says:
April 5, 2017 at 12:54 pm
Is there maybe a way to become the netmask of a known host, IP address???
(with nmap … or an other command, solution)
With
WIRESHARK – I’m able to define the IP-address
NMAP – I’m able to define the MAC-addres (ping doesn’t work yet)
ARP – I get the IP-address and MAC-address
but I’ve to put my interface in the same netmask range as the host, before I’m able to connect to it.
Any suggestions.
Thks
Manoel Bezerra says:
April 5, 2017 at 11:32 am
Excellent document. The examples given illustrate the operation of the nmap command. Congratulations for the initiative.
Muhammad Karam Shehzad says:
November 4, 2016 at 11:54 am
What is the best way to go about finding all ports being used by MySQL for clustering purposes?
I am on Linux platform with MySQL NDB 5.7. I am trying to monitor all traffic related to MySQL clustering – between data nodes, management node and sql nodes. To that end, I used netstat to list all open ports listening on my machine before starting MySQL cluster. Then, I started MySQL cluster and ran netstat again. I assumed that the ports that were listening the second time around, but not the first time, were related to MySQL clustering.
But there are two problems with this. First, there could be ports opened by other processes between the two netstat runs. Second, MySQL might open other ports after I ran the netstat command the second time.
What is the best way to go about finding all ports being used by MySQL for clustering purposes?
I believe ephemeral ports are picked dynamically, so perhaps if I knew all the MySQL clustering related processes that would be running, I can figure out every port that they are using. Pointers will be very welcome.
Ar3xXx says:
May 13, 2016 at 12:47 pm
Thx mate I will use this as cheat sheet :)
phoenix6142 says:
March 16, 2016 at 12:15 am
I found this article very helpful. I’m definitely saving this Bookmark for future reference. I’ve been using “nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24” for a very long time just to see which clients are online. OS Detect is also very useful in Armitage and Metasploit. Long live Linux!
P4 says:
January 5, 2016 at 1:36 pm
for blocking a portscan give portsentry a try :)
https://plus.google.com/+RemikPi/posts/TB3Wu2xJMsB
Bob Cynic says:
November 10, 2014 at 5:29 am
Beautifully formatted man page…thanks! ;)
far says:
November 4, 2014 at 3:30 am
what does nmap –sn –PI 192.168.1.0/24 do?
Scott says:
September 22, 2014 at 6:00 pm
Anyone got any examples of using nmap to generate a RARP message?
Murphy Mason says:
June 21, 2014 at 4:52 pm
very interreting
HD says:
May 6, 2014 at 12:09 pm
The question is how to monitor people who use/run NMAP and create a report about it …
Thanks
benhuan says:
December 10, 2013 at 9:41 am
Love it , Thanks for sharing
s33d3r says:
November 7, 2013 at 5:59 am
Very Useful and Thanks for the information
Andrew says:
July 23, 2013 at 3:46 pm
One of the uses for nmap, as stated above, is to “find out if the system is infected with malware or virus.” How is this accomplished? Are you referring to using the script, http-malware-host?
S Mohamed says:
May 15, 2013 at 12:40 pm
My favorite nmap to scan for OS of a range of IPs, with output as a XML file:
nmap -A -T3 -oX MyFile.xml 192.168.56.101-120
(A: OS detection, version detection, script scanning, traceroute T3: Speed medium)
Ksdyathish says:
December 7, 2012 at 6:18 pm
Very very useful and simple commands! Thank you.
A white hatter says:
November 30, 2012 at 10:48 pm
Several places mentioned the -PN switch, but this is depreciated, use -Pn instead.
-Pn (No ping) .
This option skips the Nmap discovery stage altogether. Normally, Nmap uses this stage to determine active machines for heavier scanning. By default, Nmap only performs heavy probing such as port scans, version detection,
or OS detection against hosts that are found to be up. Disabling host discovery with -Pn causes Nmap to attempt the requested scanning functions against every target IP address specified. So if a class B target address
space (/16) is specified on the command line, all 65,536 IP addresses are scanned. Proper host discovery is skipped as with the list scan, but instead of stopping and printing the target list, Nmap continues to perform
requested functions as if each target IP is active. To skip ping scan and port scan, while still allowing NSE to run, use the two options -Pn -sn together.
For machines on a local ethernet network, ARP scanning will still be performed (unless –send-ip is specified) because Nmap needs MAC addresses to further scan target hosts. In previous versions of Nmap, -Pn was -P0.
and -PN..
DUNGNA says:
November 28, 2012 at 1:49 pm
Thanks you for sharing…!
Chris says:
November 27, 2012 at 8:07 pm
Thanks for this very usefull post!!
Jalal Hajigholamali says:
November 27, 2012 at 5:49 am
Hi,
Very nice and useful article
Thanks again
cycop says:
November 27, 2012 at 4:58 am
Nice Info,,,
1. Nully man says:
  January 16, 2015 at 6:48 pm
  hello pleas i have download nmap and install , but idnt know wher to even run it
  1. HoppingBunny says:
    May 14, 2015 at 3:20 am
    If you are on a linux or similar system, it should be available on the command line like this:
    sudo nmap -F http://www.gmail.com <== type this on the command line
    you will get the output below:
    Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-05-13 23:18 EDT
    Nmap scan report for http://www.gmail.com (216.58.219.197)
    Host is up (0.010s latency).
    rDNS record for 216.58.219.197: lga25s40-in-f5.1e100.net
    Not shown: 98 filtered ports
    PORT STATE SERVICE
    80/tcp open http
    443/tcp open https
Roy says:
November 27, 2012 at 4:30 am
I love namp. Great post Sir.
Felipe says:
November 26, 2012 at 10:32 pm
Wow ! Pretty good and easy. Thank you so much for the great topic, I’m a huge fan of nmap/zenmap

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What is Nmap and what is it used for?

Sample setup (LAB)

How do I install nmap?

#1: Scan a single host or an IP address (IPv4)

#2: Scan multiple IP address or subnet (IPv4)

#3: Read list of hosts/networks from a file (IPv4)

#4: Excluding hosts/networks (IPv4)

#5: Turn on OS and version detection scanning script (IPv4)

#6: Find out if a host/network is protected by a firewall

#7: Scan a host when protected by the firewall

#8: Scan an IPv6 host/address

#9: Scan a network and find out which servers and devices are up and running

#10: How do I perform a fast scan?

#11: Display the reason a port is in a particular state

#12: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

#13: Show all packets sent and received

14#: Show host interfaces and routes

#15: How do I scan specific ports?

#16: The fastest way to scan all your devices/computers for open ports ever

#17: How do I detect remote operating system?

#18: How do I detect remote services (server / daemon) version numbers?

#19: Scan a host using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS) ping

#20: Scan a host using IP protocol ping

#21: Scan a host using UDP ping

#22: Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP SYN Scan

#23: Scan a host for UDP services (UDP scan)

#24: Scan for IP protocol

#25: Scan a firewall for security weakness

#26: Scan a firewall for packets fragments

#27: Cloak a scan with decoys

#28: Scan a firewall for MAC address spoofing

#29: How do I save output to a text file?

#30 Scans for web servers and pipes into Nikto for scanning

#31 Speed up nmap

#32: Not a fan of command line tools?

How do I detect and block port scanning?

References:

Posted by: Vivek Gite

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