Howto: Lighttpd web server setting up virtual hosting

last updated in Categories Howto, lighttpd, Linux
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Last time I wrote about setting and installing lighttpd web server.

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Virtual hosting allows sharing a lighttpd web server so that you can have multiple domains hosted on single web server. For example:
=> www.nixcraft.com
=> www.cyberciti.biz
=> www.theos.in etc

Our setup

Lighttpd supports both Name-based and IP-based virtual hosts. Let us see how to configure two web sites for:
=> www.nixcraft.com
=> www.theos.in

First create a directory for each domain:

# mkdir -p /home/lighttpd/nixcraft.com/http
# mkdir -p /home/lighttpd/theos.in/http
# chown lighttpd:ftpuser1 /home/lighttpd/nixcraft.com/http
# chown lighttpd:ftpuser2 /home/lighttpd/theos.in/http

Replace ftpuser1 and 2 with actual ftp username.

Also create a log directory for each domain:
# mkdir /var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft.com
# mkdir /var/log/lighttpd/theos.in

Only allow a web server to access our logs:
# chown -R lighttpd:lighttpd /var/log/lighttpd

Open lighttpd configuration file:
# vi /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

Add support for domain nixcraft.com:
$HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|\.)nixcraft\.com$" {
server.document-root = "/home/lighttpd/nixcraft.com/http"
server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft/error.log"
accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft/access.log"
server.error-handler-404 = "/e404.php"
}

Add support for domain theos.in:
$HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|\.)theos\.in$" {
server.document-root = "/home/lighttpd/theos.in/http"
server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/theos.in/error.log"
accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/theos.in/access.log"
server.error-handler-404 = "/e404.php"
}

Where,

  • $HTTP[“host”] =~ “(^|\.)theos\.in$” : It will match request for both www.theos.in and theos.in domain
  • server.document-root = “/home/lighttpd/theos.in/http” : Server document root. You must set ftp/ssh user home directory to this root only
  • server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/theos.in/error.log” : Server access log file
  • accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/theos.in/access.log”: Server error log file
  • server.error-handler-404 = “/e404.php” : Web server error 404 handler file

Save and close the file. Restart the server:
# /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart

Upload file(s) to respective web-root and test your configuration with a web browser.

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Posted by: Vivek Gite

The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin, DevOps engineer, and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. Get the latest tutorials on SysAdmin, Linux/Unix and open source topics via RSS/XML feed or weekly email newsletter.

28 comment

  1. Hi,

    I have been trying to setting up this virtual host for my server. However, I am running into this problem where the error log is not stored in the right directory. I have followed everything in your guide. The only difference is that instead of using host, I am using ip based address. It seems like the error will store in the the directory that list ed last first.

    For example:

    $SERVER[“socket”] == “a.b.c.d:80” {
    server.document-root = “/var/www/html/a.b.c.d/”
    server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/a.b.c.d/error.log”
    }

    $SERVER[“socket”] == “1.2.3.4:80” {
    server.document-root = “/var/www/html/1.2.3.4/”
    server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/1.2.3.4/error.log”
    }

    The error will store in 1.2.3.4 directory. Do you know if there’s a solution to that? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

    Calvin

  2. I’m sorry but I don’t get your problem. Can you explain more..???

  3. It seems that you can only define server.errorlog once in lighty configuration. ie. one errorlog for the whole server and all vhosts.

  4. Yes. The server.errorlog doesn’t work on a per virtualhost basis. Is that a bug or by design?

    Thanks.

  5. Please check the permissions of your log files

    is the user is root or lighttpd or the user u have created.

    Must note that logfolder/files have lighttpd as owner not root

  6. Hi after all the settings done as aforesaid when i try to run my site in browser it give me an error while if i open my site trough IP of the server then it vl open

    in server.bind i m using IP address and and i m trying to open my site http://www.ques.example.com.
    server.port = 90

    when in browser i type http://1.2.3.4:90 it will open my default page

    but if i type http://www.ques.example.com then gives me error problem loading page.

    How to handle this error.
    pls help me

  8. can lighttpd do this kind of virtual hosting (www.domain.com/~user/)?

    shiato
    linux newbie

  9. Regular reader of articles. Just one thing I can’t get sorted out here. What I haven’t done yet that is preventing Lighttpd from running. Error: “can’t find name apache” A clue to sort this out would be great!

  10. Thanks for this, I have migrated from apache to lighttpd on my VPS and it has meant that I don’t have to upgrade my VPS memory any more!

    Saved me some money!

  11. Calvin Chan, rxKaffee, and ligesh are right, lighttpd only uses the server.errorlog which appears last in the config file, regardless of any conditionals.

    i wish you would test your config to make sure it works before posting bogus “tutorials” like this.

  12. I am all confused. I have installed lighttpd on my embedded linux box. If this box is connected to the pc via USB, I am able to access the webserver. But if I configure the server for some static ip, say a.b.c.d and try to access it by typing http://a.b.c.d:80, I do not get anything at all.

    Do we have to do anything (some change in the .conf file). What is ipv6 and ipv4 all about?

  14. I had to add my virtual hostname in /etc/hosts as well:
    127.0.0.1 localhost
    127.0.1.1 vhost1 # which is defined in /etc/lighttp/vhosts.conf

  16. Hi,

    Please can you find out why this error log is creating. its increasing day by day. Please tell me a solution to delete this file when it is more than 10 mb.

    [Tue Sep 08 11:08:31 2009] [error] [client 66.249.68.241] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 09 00:20:51 2009] [error] [client 72.30.161.235] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 09 13:43:39 2009] [error] [client 74.6.22.177] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisvi
    lle-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Thu Sep 10 18:56:31 2009] [error] [client 66.249.68.249] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Fri Sep 11 00:21:22 2009] [error] [client 66.249.68.212] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 16 00:36:03 2009] [error] [client 74.6.22.163] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisvi
    lle-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 16 05:43:16 2009] [error] [client 66.249.68.249] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 16 10:37:25 2009] [error] [client 69.58.178.33] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisv
    ille-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 16 10:37:26 2009] [error] [client 69.58.178.33] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisv
    ille-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Wed Sep 16 15:58:09 2009] [error] [client 72.30.87.125] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisv
    ille-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Thu Sep 17 03:06:00 2009] [error] [client 76.73.37.234] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisv
    ille-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Thu Sep 17 07:21:51 2009] [error] [client 64.246.161.42] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louis
    ville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Sat Sep 19 02:22:02 2009] [error] [client 76.73.3[Sat Sep 26 11:05:18 2009] [error] [client 66.249.
    71.211] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt
    [Sat Sep 26 20:40:23 2009] [error] [client 64.246.161.30] File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/louisville-car-dealers.com/httpdocs/robots.txt

  18. My newdomain-script lighttpd&mod_mysql_vhost&wordpress_permalink

    #!/bin/sh
echo "Enter new zone"
read zone
echo "Enter new domain"
read domain
echo "Your new domain is $domain.$zone"

if [ ! -d  /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone ];
then
mkdir /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone
mkdir /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/www && chown www-data:www-data /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/www
mkdir /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/logs && chown www-data:www-data /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/logs
mkdir /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/cgi && chown www-data:www-data /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/cgi
mkdir /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/subdomain && chown www-data:www-data /var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/subdomain
fi

echo '$HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|.)'$domain'.'$zone'$" {' > /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo 'server.document-root = "/var/www/servers/'$domain'.'$zone'/www/"' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo 'accesslog.filename = "/var/www/servers/'$domain'.'$zone'/logs/access.log"' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo 'server.errorlog = "/var/www/servers/'$domain'.'$zone'/logs/error.log"' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo '#server.error-handler-404 = "/"' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo '# WordPress Permalinks' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo 'include "wp-rewrite.conf"' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf
echo '}' >> /etc/lighttpd/vhosts/50-$domain.$zone.conf

echo "[client]" > /home/user/.my.cnf
echo "port            = 3306" >> /home/user/.my.cnf
echo "socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" >> /home/user/.my.cnf
echo "default-character-set=utf8" >> /home/user/.my.cnf
echo "user=inshttpd" >> /home/user/.my.cnf
echo "password=qwertyui" >> /home/user/.my.cnf

echo "insert into "'`domains`'" ("'`domain`'", "'`docroot`'") values ('$domain.$zone', '/var/www/servers/$domain.$zone/www');"
> /tmp/$domain.$zone.sql

/usr/bin/mysql httpd  /dev/null


wp-rewrite.conf

# WordPress Permalinks
url.rewrite-once = (
  "^/(wp-.+).*/?" => "$0",
  "^/images/.*/?" => "$0",
  "^/temp/.*/?" => "$0",
  "^/(sitemap.xml)" => "$0",
  "^/(xmlrpc.php)" => "$0",
  "^/keyword/([A-Za-z_0-9-]+)/?$" => "/index.php?keyword=$1",
  "^/.*?(?.*)?$" => "/index.php$1"
)

  19. I just wanted to say thanks, this post helped me get all of my virtual host’s back up and running in no time! I had been using ispconfig3 prior and decided why have extra bloat when I can do it myself with just a little work, and this proved to be much better then what I had before! It’s noticably faster and I can’t thank you enough!

    Also I noticed that user lighttpd wasn’t created however www-data worked fine, is this a problem to be using this user:group instead of lighttpd:lighttpd security wise or other?

    Thanks again!

  20. thanks for the inputs. this works for me.

    http://localhost:8081/

    $SERVER[“socket”] == “:8081” {
    server.document-root = “/var/www/app_name/”
    server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/app_name/error.log”
    }

  21. hi,
    I am facing the problem in linking the cgi script to the HTML page . whenever i try to open it in the web browser a 404 error appears.
    cgi.assign = ( “.cgi” => “http://ip-address/mnt/apps/web/cgi-bin/” )

    $SERVER[“socket”] == “:80” {
    }
    My cgi bin has a .cgi file in it.

  22. Hi,

    Re:
    # chown lighttpd:ftpuser1 /home/lighttpd/nixcraft.com/http
    # chown lighttpd:ftpuser2 /home/lighttpd/theos.in/http

    Please shed me some light on the groups “ftpuser1” and “ftpuser2”. What they are? Thanks.

    Neither I have user “lighttpd”. Whether run “addusr” to add it?

    B.R.
    satimis

  23. In the first step you create a directory for logs:

    # mkdir /var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft.com

    but later you create a file server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft/error.log”

    Did you mean server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft.com/error.log ?

  24. Is probably the biggest handicap for lighttpd, guys it’s not possible to set error log for each vhost like apache,nginx etc.

    So this conditionnal will not work :

    $HTTP[“host”] =~ “(^|.)nixcraft.com$” {
    >>>> server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/nixcraft/error.log”
    }

    You have one lighttpd running, so one error.log, so says one of the developers of lighty
    > http://redmine.lighttpd.net/issues/665#note-15

    The only method is to track the errors by hand on the script or other, example : http://redmine.lighttpd.net/issues/665#note-24

    I will repeat what was said above, lighttpd is designed like that, let’s wait for a patch or other, who knows ?

    Nassou.

  25. Hi all.. i have configured as wat u said but still i get error “server not found”
    i have added following line in my lighttpd.conf
    $HTTP[“host”] =~ “(^|.)domainname.in$” {
    server.document-root = “/home/lighttpd/domainname.in/http”
    server.errorlog = “/var/log/lighttpd/error.log”
    accesslog.filename = “/var/log/lighttpd/access.log”
    }
    I have upload my webfiles under /domainname.in/http.
    after that i restarted lighttpd.i opened browser and type domainname.in
    but it shows server not found.

  26. can any body tell me how virtual hosting enable in lighttpd in centos 6.5..
    i want to host multiple web site form my server ,,,it may be name based or ip based what ever you have material regarding ….i have done all those step which you have pasted above ….

  27. I’m trying to pull a couple of sites into my home office on a rpi 2. I’m using a ddns company and their DUC, set to an obscure port to get around my port 80 block by my ISP. I originally set up mojavelife.org using a port redirect on the ddns coming in as my static ip address. How do I set up another domain to ge served by lighttpd? Do I use a different port?

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