One of our clients reported that he is getting an error and RPM database is corrupted. He is using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Sometime it is possible to fix RPM database errors. I am surprised that many Linux admins do not make back up of RPM DB (/var/lib/rpm). Anyways if you ever messed up with RPM database, here is a quick guide to fix it (you must have rpmdb tools installed). This page shows how to rebuild RPM database on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system or CentOS Community Enterprise Linux or Oracle Linux system or Scientific Linux.
Typical error message you get from rpm/yum
You might something as follows:
rpm command terminates with “cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm”
OR
rpmdb: Lock table is out of available locker entries
OR
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Packages: unexpected file type or format
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 – Invalid argument (22)
OR
error: rpmdbNextIterator: skipping h# 1601 Header V4 RSA/SHA1 signature: BAD, key ID 2142eef7
Rebuilding corrupted RPM database on a CentOS/RHEL
Take system to single user mode to avoid further damage and to make backup/restore process easy:
# init 1 # [ DO NOT RUN on remote system ]
Method # 1
Let us verify integrity of the packages file. Make a backup of /var/lib/rpm/:
# mkdir -vp /backups/rpm/
# cp -avr /var/lib/rpm/* /backups/rpm/
Remove /var/lib/rpm/__db* files to avoid stale locks using rpm command:
# cd /var/lib/rpm/
# rm -vf __db*
Rebuild RPM database:
# rpm --rebuilddb -vv
# rpmdb_verify Packages
Method # 2
If you are still getting errors, then try your luck with following commands:
# mv Packages Packages-BAKUP
# db_dump Packages-BAKUP | db_load Packages
# rpm -qa
# rpm --rebuilddb
Further reading
- rpm command – rpm is a powerful Package Manager for Linux. Often used to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software packages
- yum command – yum is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete processing based on “repository” metadata. It can also perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on the installed and/or available packages.
- I recommend all of you visiting Daniel Berrange excellent guide for more information.
40 Linux Server Hardening Security Tips [2019 edition]
30 Best Sources For Linux / *BSD / Unix Documentation On the Web
30 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know
Top 25 Nginx Web Server Best Security Practices
Linux 25 PHP Security Best Practices For Sys Admins
How to compile and install Linux Kernel 5.6.9 from source code
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Method 2 does not work, as the db_load and db_dump commands were not found. Needless to say if what came before worked I wouldn’t have gotten to 2.
whereis db_dump db_load
db_dump: /usr/bin/db_dump
db_load: /usr/bin/db_load
These utilities get installed by default using db4-utils package. Above instructions are tested on Fedora Core and RHEL 4 only.
How to recreate /var/lib/rpm/Packages (If original got deleted/corrupted) ?
Thank You! you saved my day.
Thank You! you saved my day
I found the same post/solution before in nixcraft and it is really a great solution but my question is how to recreate /var/lib/Packages if the original got “DELETED”.
Thank You! you saved my day.
first command is cd /var/lib/rpm and not /var/lib
cd /var/lib/rpm
not #cd /var/lib/
nixcraft to the rescue!
For me it worked this one :
rpm -e –justdb
Hallo and thanks for howto.
But you have small syntactic error at method1.
cd /var/lib/rmp instead of cd /var/lib
Thanks for a great site. It’s a fantastic resource for the sysadmin community.
The code in Method 1 should be “cd /var/lib/rpm” rather than “cd /var/lib”. Please fix? 🙂
Thank you.
You solved an infinite loop of RPMs dependencies.
Please fix typo errors as suggested
remove that init 1 command from above, it will take the remote machine off network .. and someone from DC or physically reboot the server.
Thanks..